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The Christian Of Harry Potter Essay - 2059 Words

The Christian themes in Harry Potter have been undermined by Christian fundamentalists’ beliefs that the Potter stories are a gateway into satanic culture. While these stories are loved by so many, there is a section of the population that condemns them as a satanic welcoming. To fully understand the condemnation of Harry Potter and the push to eradicate this condemnation we will address several lenses of the argument; to start there will be a quick history of the condemnation, and an overview of that specific audiences’ perspective on the novels. Next to be presented will be an overview of the Christian allegories found in the Potter novels, and finally, the argument put forward by some Christians, Christians wishing to reclaim the Harry Potter novels as a quote on quote â€Å"Christian† themed series. J.K. Rowling’s first Harry Potter novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, was first published in the UK in 1997, and was published in the U S in 1998; the movie was then distributed by Warner Bros. in 2001. Even before it’s theatrical release many educators found themselves at odds with the novel due to it’s magical nature. In March of 2000 Carol Rookwood, the head of a Catholic primary school, banned the novel. Her reasoning, â€Å"The Bible is very clear and consistent in its teachings that wizards, devils and demons exist and are very real, powerful and dangerous, and God s people are told to have nothing to do with them† (). This response is similar to many of those whoShow MoreRelatedHarry Potter Vs. Christians Essay1821 Words   |  8 Pagesdreamed of witches, broomsticks and full moon light? I always wished, when I was younger, I could turn and do magic like a witch. I even bought little magic kits, but it was nothing like the magic I wanted to produce. In my teen years, a book called Harry Potter caught my attention. It took me to a world I thought could only belong in my head. J.K. Rowlin g brought words of description to my dreams and brought out the little witch and wizard in many childrens lives. I have not been able to find a moreRead More The Banning of Harry Potter at Omaha Christian Academy Essay3245 Words   |  13 PagesThe Banning of Harry Potter at Omaha Christian Academy Imagine discovering that you’re not an ordinary person, but a wizard with magnificent, magical powers. Imagine attending a school where you’ll study transfiguration and charms instead of trigonometry and chem. Imagine the thrill of flying across the sky on a broomstick. These adventures and many others are waiting to be experienced in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by novelist J. K. Rowling. This fanciful and entertaining taleRead MoreHarry Potter And The Deathly Hallows882 Words   |  4 PagesKatrina Anne Winemiller Professor Larissa Purvis English 112 1. November 2014 How Harry Potter and parallels to the Bible As a professional reviewer, Mike Furches reviews Harry Potter in his blog, â€Å"Reviews with Mike Furches: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows part 1† on blogspot.com. Mike’s concern for the dark, scary aspects of the Harry Potter books led him to research the subject more thoroughly, hoping to point out the reasons children should not be reading them. Because of the social, politicalRead MoreComparison Of CS Lewiss Works and JK Rowlings Works1104 Words   |  5 Pageslives up to expectations, is proportional to giving him/her the finest of instructive chances. It is regular learning that C. S. Lewis is a Christian and much, if not every, of hello there composing is attached to Christianity or philosophy in some structure or way. A regular response to C. S. Lewis Chronicles of Narnia is one of a Christian nature. Lewis is undoubtedly very purposeful in his utilization of imagery in Narnia. What is maybe not as normally known, on the other hand, it isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Narnia 1679 Words   |  7 Pagesbook and its supposed spread of mysticism to children, â€Å"Narnia† has also been challenged as to not offend non-Christians, similar to how â€Å"Charlotte s Web was challenged as to not offend Muslims. Because Aslan is a Christ-like figure and because of the strong presence of Christian teachings in the books, challengers said that making children read the book in school in unfair to non-Christians. In 2005, Florida Governor Jeb Bush included â€Å"The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe† to his state†™s encouraged-books-to-readRead MoreThe Harry Potter Book Series Written By J.k. Rowling1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harry Potter book series written by J.K. Rowling took the world by storm when The Sorcerer’s Stone was released in 1997. Adults, teens, and children around the world read and enjoyed the following six books and movies by buying robes and wands, and waiting patiently in long lines at midnight for the release of the newest films. Harry’s story has been translated into 60 languages and has been so successful that J.K. Rowling was the first person to ever become a billionaire by being a writer. EvenRead MoreHarry Potter and the Religious Right Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesseven books in the Harry Potter series are some of the most popular books of all time. Millions of children and adults around the world crave everything to do with Harry. From the midnight book release parties to new movie releases to the new Wizarding World of Harry Potter theme par k, fans, the world over, love Harry and cant seem to get enough of him. While scores of fans immerse themselves in the fantasy world of Harry Potter, there are some people that believe that Harry Potter is the work of theRead MoreHarry Potter And The Lord Of The Rings1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthat represents a far greater meaning. Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings are dark stories that have a similar concept: save the good from evil. The Lord of the Rings was accepted in the Christian community, unlike the Harry Potter series, undoubtedly because Tolkien publicly claimed Catholicism as a religion. The Lord of the Rings has a more masked Christian allegory, whereas Harry Potter demonstrates similar aspects, but has more Wiccan than Christian ideals to many reluctant readers. TolkienRead More Harry Potter is a Classic Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesHARRY POTTER—MORE THAN A CONTEMPORARY PHENOMENON What makes a book a classic? What is it about a book that will have generation after generation reading it? English Literature majors could spend hours theorizing the answers to this question. One series of texts that has received publicity and wide-spread acclaim over the past seven years is the Harry Potter collection. J.K. Rowling could never have possibly imagined how her little book about a boy with broken glasses and a scar on his foreheadRead MoreComparing Harry Potter And Charlotte s Web And The Chronicles Of Narnia1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Harry Potter† series, â€Å"Charlotte s Web† and â€Å"The Chronicles of Narnia† series all have something in common: they are beloved, classic books read by children throughout the world. But that’s not the only trait the novels share -- they have also all been challenged by various schools and organizations for religious purposes. â€Å"Harry Potter† and Charlotte s Web† have been deemed blasphemous by some devout religious followers -- the former because it promotes witchcraft and the later because it

Canadian Blood Services Free Essays

Company Environment The company Customers Competitors Regulatory Situation Global Environment Major developments and general industry Trends Opportunities and threats Marketing Strategies Mission and Corporate Values Objectives Strategies Marketing Functions Product Price Promotion Place Analysis and Suggestions M analysis G analysis Conclusion Bibliography Appendix Global Environment Major Developments General Industry Trends According to a survey conducted by the Pet Products Manufacturer Association, more than 71. 1 million or 63% of U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian Blood Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now ouseholds have a pet. (Gundersen, 2008) The pet food market has proven to be a very attractive market, according to the 2009-2010 American Pet Products Association, it is estimated that US$47. 7 billion was spent on pets in the US in 2010, with US$18. 28 billion being spent on pet food alone. The strong spending comes amid price increases in nearly every pet food category, the result of rising costs of fuel, ingredients and transportation for manufacturers. (Taylor, 2010) Opportunities: One of the biggest advantages NPP has is that it is a subsidiary of Nestle. What this means is that NPP can rely on the substantial and large funds of its parent company in order to expand its line of products, do some more aggressive marketing and pricing and have a cushion to fall back on in case of having sales decrease. The second great opportunity for NPP is the fact that pet owners are seeking for more luxurious products for their pets and they’re getting greater interest in what they feed their pets with. What this means is that the pet food market is expanding rapidly, especially in North America. According to a survey conducted by the Pet Products Manufacturer Association showed that in the U. S. more than half of the households have at least one pet in their houselod. (Gundersen, 2008) Threats: As in any business, one of the biggest threats is having numerous competitors; this is a big concern to NPP considering that they are not the leading company in the pet food industry. Not only NPP has to compete against the already established big pet care companies but there is a trend that all major pet care retailers are starting their own line of products. Having all these product lines and competitors only mean lower sales as more consumers decide to switch brands. Although North America is a well-established and growing market for pet care products, there are some other markets where customers are not well educated about the products and this may be an obstacle. An example provided by the Datamonitor report about NPP gives an example of owners believing home meals are more nutritious for their pets than commercially prepared food for pets. This is a common misbelief in emerging markets. Company environment The Company: The company we decided to research is Nestle. Nestle is currently the largest food and beverage company in the world. This company has a wide range of products such as milk based products, ice creams, prepared dishes and pharmaceutical products as of beverages. Its top brands or the ones that contribute the most to the company are Nestle, Nespresso, Maggi, KitKat, Purina and Friskies among others. Nestle is a Switzerland based company that was surged back in 1866, when the first European condensed milk factory was opened in Cham, Switzerland, by the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. One year later, Henri Nestle, a trained pharmacist, launched one of the world’s first prepared infant cereals ‘Farine lactee’ in Vevey, Switzerland. The two companies merged in 1905 to become the Nestle  you know today, with  headquarters  still  based in the  Swiss town of Vevey. The company is currently employing over 328 000 employees worldwide and has factories or operations in almost every country in the world. For the purpose of the marketing review, we decided to talk specifically of one of the many brands that Nestle owns, being this â€Å"Nestle Purina PetCare Company† or NPP. This subsidiary is one of the most influential brands of Nestle and its main focus and line of products rely on the manufacturing of pet food products. The headquarters for this branch of Nestle are located in St. Louis, Missouri in the United States of America. Customers: Nestle Purina PetCare Company operates in North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Central America and South Africa, what this means is that NPP is able to reach several different markets around the world and a great deal of possible consumers. Competitors: Considering Nestle Purina PetCare operates on a global market, it also has several competitors. Some of its strongest competitors are Mars Inc, Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Procter Gamble Co. Their main competitor is Mars Inc. hich is the only company that has been able to surpass Nestle in pet food sales; having sold approximately US$13. 3 Billion compared Nestle’s US$12. 9 Billion. Regulatory Situation: The pet food industry is heavily regulated by agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AA FCO) in the case of the United States. However, all Purina’s North America facilities have on-site quality assurance laboratories and staff. One of the means by which Purina try to maintain its quality standards is by having 99% of the roducts sold in North America manufactured at Purina-owned U. S. manufacturing facilities. Also, Purina ingredient sourcing and processing meets or exceeds all the regulations implemented by the agencies mentioned above. Distribution/Sales Channels Nestle Purina Petcare uses a multichannel distribution approach in order to make it easier for consumers to get their product. One example and, for some the most convenient, is purchasing their products through Purina’s website. Customers avoid any sort of middleman and they get the product delivered directly to their front door. This is an example of direct distribution, which is having the manufacturer dealing directly with the consumer. On the other hand, NPP also uses an indirect distribution approach which consists in having one or more intermediaries work with manufacturers to provide goods and services to consumers. This is the most common way by which people purchase products as it is the case when consumers go to retailers to buy a product that the retailer bought from the manufacturer. In other words, when a consumer goes to their local grocery shop and they buy Purina products, they are purchasing through indirect distribution. Grewal, 2012) General Strategy Business Mission: Nestle’s mission is to satisfy each customer needs by offering and selling high quality food, worrying about nutrition and health of their customers to provide good food for good life. â€Å"At Nestle, we believe that research can help us make better food so that people live a better life. Good Food is the primary sour ce of Good Health throughout life. † (Nestle, 2012) â€Å"Nestle’s objectives are to be recognized as the world leader in Nutrition, Health and Wellness, trusted by all its stakeholders, and to be the reference for financial performance in its industry. † (Nestle, 2012) Corporate value Nestle is focused on certain values within the company that make them unique in the global market. They are focused on health, wellness and nutrition of each customer through every product but it is also important the security and safety of each product has high quality. Moreover, it is also important to note that in Nestle is always looking to have open communication with clients and they respect the privacy of them. (Nestle, 2012) In organization is important to respect human rights within and outside the organization but Nestle is not only worry to respect human rights but also the environment in which employees are in this company. It also is important to prevent accidents, injuries and illnesses within the company, which Nestle has a document that explains each of the regulations of health and safety policies. (Nestle, 2012) The relationships between the company and suppliers are very important which is why Nestle has a code of suppliers which explain how have to the relationships, always demonstrating honesty and respect between them. (Nestle, 2012) Nestle will help rural communities and farmers to obtain a production system that cares about the environment. It is also important use products that are friendly to the environment, as well as the conscious use of water that is necessary and vital to every human being. (Nestle, 2012) Objectives (short and long term) * â€Å"Be recognised as the world leader in Nutrition, Health and Wellness, trusted by all its stakeholders, and to be the reference for financial performance in its industry†. (Nestle, 2012) * Provide a safe environment and social responsibility. * Understand local and global need. â€Å"Achieve leadership and earn that trust by satisfying the expectations of consumers† (Nestle, 2012) and create close and long relationship between their brand and customer. * â€Å"We are investing for the future to ensure the financial and environmental sustainability of our actions and operations: in capacity, in technologies, in capabilities, in people, in brands, in R;D. † (Nestle, 2012) * Make sure that they can satisfy future generation and ensure that they will have à ¢â‚¬Å"profitable growth year after year†. (Nestle, 2012) Marketing strategies * Competitive advantages: In order to gain a competitive advantage is important to have product or brands that can differentiate from others, also be in everywhere so that people feel identified with the product. For Nestle, culture, values and attitudes of individuals are important to determining what their needs are; they try to offer unique products in each geographic point where customer are. (Netle, 2012) * Growth drivers: Today people are more conscious about having good food and nutrition, plus a healthy life. Nestle is focused on these areas which make them to have a large market. [Everything] we do is driven by our Nutrition, Health and Wellness agenda, Good Food, Good Life, which seeks to offer consumers products with the best nutritional profile in their categories† (Nestle, 2012) * Operational pillars: Innovation is always important in any business; people are always looking for change and find better products. Nestle is always looking to innovate and renew each of their products in order t o engage their customers and stay in the market; offering products that are unique and makes them different than the competition. It is also important make the process most efficient from the product development to delivery of the consumer (Nestle, 2012) Marketing functions: Product and services Nestle Purina Petcare has a wide line of different pet food products. They have specialized food and treats for both dogs and for cats. Among the products designed for dogs they have a wide variety of products, which classified as of Purnia’s website are: Adult Dogs, Puppy Food, Senior Food, Targeted Dog Nutrition, Dog Treat and Dog Litter and Training Pads. Among all these categories they offer 28 different products that are sold under different labels. On the other hand, their cat oriented products are classified as: Adult Cat Food, Kitten Food, Senior Cat Food, Targeted Cat Nutrition, Cat Treats and Cat Litter. On their cat food line of products, they offer 24 different products and all of these are sold under different labels. Purina offers over 50 different products for both dogs and cats and these are sold under 20 different labels. This is one of the reasons why Purina has been able to dominate in this market, as it has been able to give an option for almost every single kind of need that customers may have due to their wide variety of products. Pricing Considering the pet food industry is a very competitive market, NPP has been forced to change its pricing strategies to adapt to the market. Currently, NPP uses a competitor based pricing method that an approach that attempts to reflect how the firm wants consumers to interpret its products relative to the competitors’ offerings. text book citation) The biggest problem with keeping up with competitive prices is that it prevents companies to increase prices and its revenue is also decreased as they have to make greater investments in advertising which increase costs and therefore decrease revenue as well. Distribution activities Nestle Purina Petcare uses a multichannel distribution approach in order to make it easier for consumers to get their product. On e example and, for some the most convenient, is purchasing their products through Purina’s website. Customers avoid any sort of middleman and they get the product delivered directly to their front door. This is an example of direct distribution, which is having the manufacturer dealing directly with the consumer. On the other hand, NPP also uses an indirect distribution approach which consists in having one or more intermediaries work with manufacturers to provide goods and services to consumers. This is the most common way by which people purchase products as it is the case when consumers go to retailers to buy a product that the retailer bought from the manufacturer. In other words, when a consumer goes to their local grocery shop and they buy Purina products, they are purchasing through indirect distribution. (Grewal, 2012) Promotion activities Coupons are largely used by NPP and its competitors in order to increase sales. Coupons provide a stated discount to consumers on the final selling price of a specific item; the retailer handles the discounts. (Grewal, 2012) Your Analysis and Suggestions Appendix: Example of the company’s promotion Research Material References: http://www. petfoodindustry. com/6371. html Taylor 2010 http://www. estlepurina. com/History. aspx PURINA HISTORY http://www. purina. com/coupons-and-offers/couponsandoffers. aspx COUPONS AND ETC http://www. purina. com/commitment-to-quality/commitmenttoquality. aspx REGULATIONS http://www. linkedin. com/company/nestle-purina LINKEDIN PROFILE Gundersen, R. (2008). A Growing Trend: Pet Owners Who Include Animals in Their Estate Planning. Journal Of Financial Service Professio nals, 62(4), 70-76. http://saveonfoods. gsnrecipes. com/Shop/WeeklyAd. aspx promotion Nestle. (2012). Nestle good food, good life. Retrieved from http://www. nestle. com/AboutUs How to cite Canadian Blood Services, Papers

Intellectual Disability free essay sample

The aim of this assignment is to explore the role of the multi-disciplinary team when caring for an individual with an Intellectual Disability. I will also be explaining the term Front Line Staff. I will also show an understanding of the support needed by a person with an Intellectual Disability. Promoting positive attitudes toward people with Intellectual Disabilities will also be looked at. The Intellectual Disability I will be focusing on is Down Syndrome. I will also look at the care provided in a residential setting and the front line staff providing that care. I will also be looking at the way front line staff can promote Dignity, Choice, Relationships and Contributing and the importance for a person with ID to be able to experience all of them. For this assignment I will carry out some primary research, this will involve an interview with a member of a multi – disciplinary team. During my work placement in St John of Gods Drumcar I hope to see a multi – disciplinary team at first hand and get a better understanding of the work they do and how they meet the holistic needs of a person with ID. Dignity â€Å"Dignity is being treated as a human being. It is about being treated as an individual and with respect. † Royal College of Nursing (2013) Dignity should be shown to all people but especially to those who are in a care setting regardless of their physical or intellectual ability. When people are treated with dignity they feel as if they are in control and feel valued and confident to make decisions for themselves. Dignity for people with learning disabilities often involves what other people may take for granted. This is why it is important to promote dignity for people with ID. There are many ways to promote dignity but here a just a few; Always address the individual about their care and not their family ie talking to the mother instead of the client. Treat every individual the same, and with respect. If you are an adult, you should be treated as an adult. Always find out what people can do for themselves and not do it for them. Do not make assumptions about the person. You need to take time to establish what their abilities are and what support they need. Choice â€Å"Living ‘a good life’ means that one is able to determine the course of one’s own life and have the opportunity to create an existence based on one’s own dreams, visions, wishes and needs†. Holm, Holst, Balch Olsen, and Perlt, 1996 Individuals with ID should be allowed to make choices on how they wished to be cared for. Some people may wish to live independently and get jobs, be integrated into society, and some people may choose to live in residential care, either way they should have the right to choose. Having a choice also gives a feeling of control over their own lives. Being able to choose ones own clothes for example or having the choice of what food to eat. People with ID should have the right to make the same choices as everybody else. Choices we take for granted or choices we may see as trivial may be a big decision for a person with ID. How a person with ID wishes to be treated medically should also be taken into consideration. Relationships – Building relationships are an important part of everybody’s life and people with Intellectual Disabilities are no different. People with ID should be encouraged to build relationships. Having a relationship with someone apart from somebody who is family or a paid member of staff will give a person with ID a great feeling of self worth and a feeling that they are cared about and loved. Being able to have network of friends for support is very important. Having a life outside of a care facility could eventually lead to independent living. Contributing – Having the ability to make a contribution to society is an important element in building self – esteem and self – confidence. The focus was always on what people with ID were incapable of doing and not focusing on what they can do. It should not be assumed that people with ID can not make a contribution to society, they should be given the same opportunities as everybody else. This should include; Education Training, Community Services, Social Welfare, Job Opportunities, Housing. Many people with ID have part of full time jobs one such place providing jobs to people with ID is L’Arche workshops and coffee shops. The L’Arche ethos is â€Å"A foundational belief of LArche is that central to every person is the need to feel useful. To have a sense of purpose. To feel part of, and contribute to, a larger association of people. † http://www. larche. ie/Workshops. aspx Facilities Support Available For People With An Intellectual Disability There are very different types and levels of ID this will therefore determine the type of support that person will require. For some people with minor disabilities staying at home or going to a day centre for some training or learning new skills could prove to be enough. Some people might have a slightly more severe disability and might require more professional support. This support can come in various ways either through residential homes where the client would live in a medical model of care and have all their needs met by staff nurses, RPA’s ( residential programme assistants ) doctors, and many different therapists. They may also live in community housing where they would live in a social model of care. This would involve having house parents instead of staff nurses and where carers are there to assist the resident instead of doing everything for them like they would in a residential home. In a community home residents have more freedom to make decisions for themselves for example what kind of food do they want, where to buy their clothes, where to go on day trips all of these self made choices are all examples of living in a social model. Some people may have the opportunity to live in Independent or Semi-Independent housing. This can be determined by finding out what the individuals needs are and giving them the training to be able to live independently. While many people with ID live independently they will always need support from either social workers or from a previous residential home from where they might have moved from. One such place is Sunbeam House Services which provide care for people with all levels of disability with its main ethos being to provide people with the necessary skills to live full and satisfying lives as equal citizens of their local communities. http://www. sunbeam. ie/ Some families might only require respite or temporary care. Respite or temporary care may involve providing alternative family or institutional care for a person with a disability in order to enable the carer to take a short break, a holiday or a rest. Schemes of respite care are sometimes called Breakaway or Friendship schemes. Respite care may be based in the community or in an institution for example St Mary’s Drumcar. There are also many services available for young children with ID. This may come in the form of a special needs assistant in class or even going to a special needs school. Children with ID are now not automatically sent to special needs school. They have the opportunity to be assessed and then get to go to mainstream school and be educated along with their peers with the help from a SNA, this gives them a better chance of being able to live more independently in later life. The Role Of The Multi-Disciplinary Team I will now explore the role of the multi-disciplinary team caring for a person with Down Syndrome and how a person with Down Syndrome is assessed so that they have proper access to the services that they might require. Parents of children with Down Syndrome have 3 choices when it comes to getting the best education for their child. Before making this decision the child will need to be assessed to identify their needs and to make sure that they get their specific needs met, they can then choose one of the following to give their child the best chance of getting an education Mainstream school Special class or unit within a mainstream school Special school In a persons early life they need to be assessed to see the level of care they need. This involves having medical and developmental assessment. This will determine if the person has any other underlying disability along with having Down Syndrome for example a heart defect or a hearing impairment which would determine the level of independence that person can have. They would also need to have a Psychological assessment done to evaluate the level at which the child is able to understand new tasks and their ability to learn this will be very important when it comes to deciding the type of school to send the child. These assessments are also important to establish the type of services that person will require when they get older. Front Line Staff â€Å"Front-line staff are social care employees who work directly with service users, including volunteers, students, ancillary staff and practitioners†. https://www. nsasocialcare. co. uk/careship/front-line-staff The front line staff who deal with people with ID include some of the following, they are also know as the Multi-Disciplinary team, according to HSE. ie Nurses Social Worker Doctors Dietician Psychologist Behaviour Therapist Occupational Therapist Art Music Therapist Speech Language Therapist Pharmacist While carrying out my primary research in a residential home I discovered Nurses play a vital role in the care provided to a person with Down Syndrome . Whilst on placement I spoke to a staff nurse who told me that the residents depend a lot on them for food, medicine, intimate care and even for simple things like company. In St Mary’s Drumcar the role of the nurse is a vital one, she or he is in charge of their unit and responsible for all the clients in that unit. They must see that every client gets their medication, they will also supervise over the RPA’s and make sure the residents get the best quality of care. They also have a part to play when it comes to ensuring that the clients are getting exercise, fresh air and any other form of stimulation that is available. The nurses must also record any changes or incidents involving the client and they must also keep up to date with hospital visits or treatments that the client may require. Another member of the Multi-disciplinary team is the Physiotherapist and in a large residential care setting like St Mary’s Drumcar a Physiotherapist would also have a Physiotherapist nurse assigned to them. St Mary’s have over 150 live in clients, with a lot of them requiring either daily or weekly treatment. One such client I observed required daily treatment. The physiotherapist visits him every morning and spends 15- 20 minutes performing chest therapy. This is performed to help the client in removing the build up of mucus on his chest which he is not able to remove himself. The therapy involves hitting the client firmly but gently with a cupped hand on his chest and back from top to bottom, this will then loosen any mucus and help him breath easily. If this was not performed the client would be susceptible to chronic bronchitis. The physiotherapist will perform this on another 10 clients that day and this has to be done every day along with other treatments. Occupational Therapy deals with promoting clients’ health and well-being, through occupation. This means helping a client do what they can do for themselves in their every day life. Occupational Therapy is client-centred and works to enable people to do certain activities which are important to them. They achieve this by helping clients to do things that will enhance their ability to participate in activities and this may include modifying their surroundings. According to Intellectual. ie, the Occupational Therapists will ask the question, Why does this person have difficulties managing his or her daily activities, and what can we adapt to make it possible for him or her to manage better and how will this then impact his or her health and well-being? †. Following an assessment, the occupational therapist liaises with the client, family members and other members of the Multi-disciplinary team in order to develop a holistic treatment plan. Without this vital communication within the team the client may not get the right treatment that they may require. In order to get a full understanding of the clients needs the whole team must communicate with each other. That is why the nurses must keep a record of their daily activity, the physiotherapist must report any changes they might find, the occupational therapist must inform the nurse of what activities might help the client, and all of this communication leads to the client living a more fulfilling life. Evaluation The aim of my assignment was to get a better understanding of the support needed by a person with ID and what facilities are in place to provide that support. I learned that there are many different types of ID and the severity of disability will determine the level of independence that person will have. During my time on placement in St Mary’s Drumcar, I had many conversations with different members of the Multi-Disciplinary team. I found it interesting to learn that a person with a minor learning disability with the support of a social care worker could happily live independently or semi independent and that many of their former residents now live in the community. Whereas in the case of one particular client who is in his 60’s and has severe PKU (Phenylketonuria) which was untreated as a child, will require long term residential care, living in a medical model of care, and may never have the ability to live outside St Mary’s. These decisions are normally made by members of the Multi-Disciplinary team. A psychologist will determine a person’s ability to learn or what their state of mind is. An occupational therapist will determine a client’s ability to live independently or what needs they might require to live life to their full potential and come up with a lifestyle to suit each individual. A social worker will liaise with the medical team and help a client settle in to a social model of care and make sure they get all their entitlements and are coping with living in the community. During my time in St Mary’s Drumcar I discovered that all clients have access to music classes or swimming lessons and they the opportunity to express themselves and have most of their holistic needs met. Unfortunately during the current economic climate and many services facing cut backs there isn’t always adequate staff to supervise the clients and therefore even though the facilities are there the clients might not always be able to use them. I also learned there are many organisations which promote independence for people with ID. Places like L’Arche or Sunbeam House Services base their ethos on giving people the training and skills needed to live independently and make contributions to their community. The Education of Persons with Special Educational Needs Act 2004 (EPSEN) makes provision for the education of children with special educational needs in mainstream schools. HIQA was established in May 2007 and are an independent authority responsible for ensuring quality and safety in social care providers for children, older people and people with disabilities in Ireland. Appendices This is a transcript of an interview held with a staff nurse in St Mary’s Drumcar, Dunleer, Co. Louth. I also spoke to a physiotherapist and I will include some of the main points made during this conversation. Names have been changed to maintain confidentiality. Hi Pauline thank you for agreeing to talk to me. Can you just tell me a bit about youself and how long have you been working here? No problem Clyde only too glad to help. Well I’m a staff nurse here in St Mary’s and havr been for over 16 years. I started here as a carer when I left school really liked it then St Mary’s must have seen something in me and wanted to train me up as a nurse. Exactly what are your duties here and what kind of things do you do here to give the clients a more holistic level of care. Well we provide all their medical needs, this would include administering medicine making sure they are up to date with their hospital appointment and getting their daily treatments. Our role has changed dramatically over the years we now are responsible for feeding washing and cleaning the units this would of been done by a RPA but with the cut backs there are less RPA’s so we now have to do all the work they would have done. What do you do to stimulate the clients and how do you promote their holistic care? We have a music teacher who comes in twice a week we also have swimming pool that the clients can use. We also have a music room where the clients can go and play instrument or even listen to music if they want to. Unfortunately we don’t always have enough staff on to accompany some of the clients who are not able to go by themselves, if a client is a wheelchair user or has a visual impairment then they would need either a nurse or a RPA to go with them and its only if a volunteer is about or a student like yourself is around then we have the opportunity to use the facilities. How long have most of these clients lived here? Most of them have been here most of their lives we stoppedtaking in residential client in the mid-nineties most of our client would be over 50 years old and have been here since their early teens or children. We only have about 150 live in clients we used to have nearly 700 but most of them client now live out in the community. The clients who live her now are the ones who will need extra care to live in the community or will never be able to live in the community and always require a medical model of care. Ideally I think a mix of a medical and social model of care would be the best option for the clients. Hi Mary exactly what is your role here in Drumcar? Hi Clyde I’m a physiotherapists Nurse and I visit the clients every day and perform many different treatments. What type of treatments would you perform on a typical day? It could range from chest physio to promoting blood circulation a lot of clients spend a lot of time either in bed or sitting so pressure ulcer control is a major issue so we have to encourage and help the clients with their mobility.